Elementary Program
Elementary
In Newfoundland and Labrador, students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 are enroled
in the Province's elementary schools. The elementary curriculum is a differentiated
curriculum with a prescribed content. Elementary school children have wide
interests, are eager for information, and enjoy acquiring skills. They
need a broad curriculum. The concepts, values, and skills of the programs
in English language arts, enterprise education, mathematics, science, social
studies, music, art, physical education, French, health, and religious
education are within the grasp of most children of nine, ten, and eleven
years of age. It is at this stage, middle childhood, that children acquire
a strong foundation in basic school subjects. During the elementary years,
children begin their initiation into the world of adult reasoning, concepts,
communication, and symbolism; they start to master tasks requiring purpose
and endeavour.
The elementary school must provide a stimulating and challenging environment
for students. Processes and procedures that make it possible for new interest
to appear and new purposes to emerge must be used in the classroom. Grouping
practices, the functional management of furniture, independent work activities,
resource-based learning that emphasizes the child as a thinking, doing,
and feeling learner are essential to elementary education.
There is a close correlation between parents' and teachers' expectations
and students' self-concepts, level of achievement, and behaviour. Teachers
and parents should have high expectations for elementary school children
and provide them with lots of encouragement and reinforcement.
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Art
Art education at the elementary level is intended to be experiential
and open-ended to permit the greatest flexibility to the student. The program
is designed to cultivate a love of art and a sensitivity to the visual
environment. It is designed to foster confidence in expression and develop
basic skills in artmaking techniques and processes. The relationship between
seeing and feeling is emphasized and an atmosphere in which visual creation
is an everyday mode of expression is promoted.
The elements of design (line, shape, color, texture, space) and the
principles of design (movement, repetition, balance, contrast, emphasis
and unity) are explored as key elements to visual communication and in
articulating a response to imagery.
Through the art program students draw upon personal experience, and
physical, social, and cultural environments as the basis for visual expression.
Visual awareness is developed through such activities as describing, comparing,
classifying, matching and manipulating. Sensory perception is emphasized
through such activities as listening, touching, tasting, smelling, and
moving.
In addition to the creation of art objects students learn to utilize
images and graphics for identifying, discussing, and sharing information.
The program also has a strong verbal component through which students acquire
art vocabulary, reinforce their visual perception, express their reactions
to art and their environment, and exchange, modify, and develop ideas.
The Program is structured around the following organizers:
- The Artistic Process
- Visual Communication
- Cultural Role
- Personal Growth
- Perception and Response
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Art: A Curriculum and Teaching Guide for the Primary and Elementary
Grades
Grade 4:
- Art in Action, 4
- teachers' edition
- student text
Grade 5:
- Art in Action, 5
- teachers' edition
- student text
Grade 6:
- Art in Action, 6
- teachers' edition
- student text
Recommended
- Art in Action Enrichment Programs, I and II, Harcourt Brace
& Company.
- Two sets of 30 full-colour, laminated art prints. All selections are
from the student resource. A teachers' manual is provided.
- Brooks, Mary Gay. Images: Printmaking. Toronto: Learnx Press,
1985.
- This electic approach to printmaking explores many simple methods of
printing. Copies include surface rubbings, found-object printing, bronze
print, monoprinting, stencils and templates, collographs, blocks and prints.
Well-illustrated, well-organized, easy to read.
- L'Image de l'Art. Montréal. Les Editions l'Image de l'Art,
1985.
- Three sets (Grades 4, 5, and 6) and high quality, plastic-coated art
reproductions, 45 x 58 cm set contains a teaching manual and 33 reproductions
representing several cultures and historical periods.
- Oxford Primary Art, Oxford University Press, 1994.
- A thematic approach to examining art works. These might be particularly
useful at the upper elementary grades.
- People in Art
- Urban Art and Design
- The Natural World
- Art Education: Elementary, Andra Johnson, Editor.
- This anthology for grades K-6 reflects the needs of today's elementary
art educator. It is practical, confronting real problems; visionary, pointing
to relevant solutions; and daring, offering strategies to change and reflect
current trends. Chapters include the integration of students experiencing
disabilities; the movement toward multiculturalism; improving public relations
within the school system; aesthetics; evaluating student progress; art
criticism; and much more. 222 pgs. {1992} ISBN 0-937652-61-X. NAEA Publication.
- With Open Eyes: Images from the Art Institute of Chicago - Educorp
Multimedia
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Core
French
Most students begin their second language learning in core French in
Grade 4. The Core French Program (Grade 4 - French 3200) is defined by
outcomes at the end of each level: elementary, intermediate, and senior
high. The skills and the content of each level provide the essential preparation
for successful experiences at higher levels. The Program primarily emphasizes
the development of language skills and the understanding and use of vocabulary
and language patterns in context. The Program also encourages the development
of positive attitudes towards francophones. In Grades 4-6 language experiences
are organized around familiar themes and are presented in French; direct
comprehension of the language is a primary consideration. While approximately
80% of class time is devoted to aural-oral practice and use of French,
students are provided with opportunities to read and write their new language.
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Learning French as a Second Language: A Guide for Teachers Grades
4-6
- Carte de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador
- map
- teacher resource book
Grade 4:
- Aventures 1
- student book
- workbook (available from Addison-Wesley)
- teacher manual
- flashcards
- cassettes
Grade 5:
- Aventures 2
- student book
- workbook (available from Addison-Wesley) • teacher manual
- flashcards
- cassettes
Grade 6:
- Adventures 3
- student book
- workbook (available from Addison-Wesley)
- teacher manual
- flashcards
- cassettes
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English
Language Arts
At the elementary level, the English Language Arts Program continues
the philosophy and methodologies of the primary school English Language
arts Program. As such, the Program helps students increase their power
over the language processes of reading, viewing, speaking, listening, writing
and other ways of representing meaning. As they use and produce language,
students are provided with the knowledge, experience, and pleasure that
control of language makes possible. The Program also fosters students'
understanding of self and others and their appreciation of the crucial
role of linguistic clarity in that understanding.
The Elementary English Language Arts Program incorporates the use of
students' own experiences and oral language to produce print; the use of
literature and a wide variety of trade books with appeal to students' interest,
needs and abilities; and the use of the authorized program materials. All
of these resources are used for instructional purposes to emphasize the
how of speaking, listening, reading, viewing, writing and other
ways of representing meaning.
Students should be given many listening and speaking experiences which
are not only intrinsically valuable but which are an important requisite
for writing and reading and for learning in the subject areas. The Program
provides for a balance of transactional, expressive and poetic writing.
Students should write frequently during the language arts period and across
subject areas, giving consideration to the form, purpose, and tone of the
message they wish to communicate. Instruction in sentence structure, spelling,
handwriting, punctuation, and capitalization is provided within the context
of students' language experiences. Literature is used as a tool for ensuring
that students become readers, not just people who can read. Experiences
with literature are, in addition to developing their knowledge and strategies,
designed to expand their imagination and mature their emotions. Many grouping
patterns - partnerships, small groups, whole class - should be used. Student
journals, writing files, and reading progress files should be maintained.
An assessment component that provides for ongoing monitoring of
students' language development is a critical part of the Program.
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Language Growth: A Teaching Guide for Writing in the Elementary
School
- Reading and Writing Difficulties: An Educator's Handbook
- Networks, Grades 4-6
- Spelling: Sharing the Secrets (teachers' resource, one per teacher)
- Spelling Dictionary, Level 3 (teachers' resource, one per teacher)
- Spelling Handbook for Teachers (teachers' resource, one per
teacher)
- Spelling Video, Part I: Spell it Out: The Place of Spelling in the
Writing Process, Part II: Spelling: Strategies for Teachers and
Students (one copy per school)
- Invitations (teachers' resource, one per three teachers)
Grade 4:
- Evaluation Resource Book A
- Flip Flops (student text)
- Listening and How Tapes A
- Reading and How A (student text)
- Spelling in Language Arts, Book 4 (out of print)
- Teachers' Resource Book A
- Writing and How A (with teachers' edition)
- Zoom Shots (student text)
- Word Sense, Level D (one per teacher)
Grade 5:
- Evaluation Resource Book B
- Listening and How Tapes B
- Reading and How B (student text)
- Ripple Effects (student text)
- Spelling in Language Arts, Book 5 (out of print)
- Teachers' Resource Book B
- Time Spinners (student text)
- Writing and How B (with teachers' edition)
- Word Sense, Level E (one per teacher)
Grade 6:
- Evaluation Resource Book C
- Listening and How Tapes C
- Reading and How C (student text)
- Sky Striders (student text)
- Spelling in Language Arts, Book 6 (out of print)
- Start Flights (student text)
- Teachers' Resource Book C
- Writing and How (with teachers' edition)
- Word Sense, Level F (one per teacher)
Recommended
- Strategies (by ITP Nelson, 1990). This resource parallels the
Networks program in thematic structure and emphasizes strategy development.
It is best used in conjunction with the Networks program when individual
children need to focus on developing specific strategies.
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Enterprise
Education
The focus of Enterprise Education at the elementary level is on refining
personal development skills and enterprise management skills.
At the elementary level, the focus is on students working in small groups
to initiate, setup and operate a project or mini-venture in order to gain
new knowledge about the special economic, business, environmental, and
technological world in which they live.
In addition to being treated as specific activities within the social
studies curriculum, Enterprise Education can be infused into a number of
other subjects including fine arts, mathematics, science and technology
education.
The Program is organized around the following components:
- Personal Development
- Economic Education
- Technological Literacy
- Enterprise Management Skills
- Community Partnerships
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Pathway to Enterprise: A Teacher Resource, 1996
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Family Life
Education (Roman Catholic)
At the elementary level, the Family Life Program is intended to support
and strengthen the family unit. It attempts to help Catholic parents teach
their children to be fully human. Its focus is on the ordinary experience
of daily life - family relationships, friendships, marriage, birth, death,
joys, and disappointments.
Learning Resources
Authorized
Grade 4:
- Fully Alive (with teachers' manual)
Grade 5:
- Fully Alive (with teachers' manual) offices
Grade 6:
- Fully Alive (with teachers' manual)
Recommended
Grade 4:
- Fully Alive (family edition) - available from Maxwell Macmillan
Canada, Don Mills, Ontario
Grade 5:
- Fully Alive (family edition) - available from Maxwell Macmillan
Canada, Don Mills, Ontario
Grade 6:
- Fully Alive (family edition) - available from Maxwell Macmillan
Canada, Don Mills, Ontario
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Health
At the elementary level, the Health Program takes a comprehensive approach
to fostering and promoting the well-being of young people by making linkages
with classroom instruction, health- related services, and a school environment
that promotes and is conducive to healthy living. Comprehensive school
health is a form of health promotion which fosters the creation of environments
that provide opportunities for all young people to make healthy choices
and enhance their own health and the health of their communities.
The Program is organized around the following components:
- Mental Health
- Physical Growth and Development
- Self Care
- Active Living
- Drug Education
- Environmental Health
- Relationships
- Nutrition
- Dental Health
- Injury Prevention and Safety
- Consumer Health
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Towards a Comprehensive School Health Program: An Elementary Health
Curriculum Guide
Grade 4:
- Young Canada Health 1 (student book)
- Young Canada Health 1 (teacher resource)
- Just For Me (video series)
Grade 5:
- Young Canada Health 2 (student book)
- Young Canada Health 2 (teacher resource)
- Your Choice, Our Chance (video series)
Grade 6:
- Young Canada Health 3 (student book)
- Young Canada Health 3 (teacher resource)
- Your Choice, Our Chance (video series)
Recommended
Grade 4:
- Tuning into Health: Alcohol and Other Drug Decisions
- Available from: Drug Dependency Services Department of Health
Grade 5:
- Tuning into Health: Alcohol and Other Drug Decisions
- Available from: Drug Dependency Services Department of Health
- Improving the Odds: A Tobacco-Use Prevention Resource for School
Aged Youth 10-14 (print and CD-Rom, available from board offices and
the Learning Resources Distribution Centre)
Grade 6:
- Tuning into Health: Alcohol and Other Drug Decisions
- Available from: Drug Dependency Services Department of Health
- Improving the Odds: A Tobacco-Use Prevention Resource for School
Aged Youth 10-14 (print and CD-Rom, available from board offices and
the Learning Resources Distribution Centre)
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Mathematics
At the elementary level, the Mathematics Program helps students mature
mentally in the context of meaningful mathematical experiences. Children
continue to develop specific skills and strategies for mathematical problem
solving. These skills and strategies are applied as part of the development
of number and operation sense, basic geometric concepts, spatial relations,
measurement processes, and basic statistical techniques. A variety of manipulative
materials are used for concept formation.
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Elementary Mathematics Curriculum Guide
- MathMatch: Fitting the Pieces Together
- Projects to Enrich School Mathematics: Level I
- Get It Together: Math Problems for Groups
Grade 4:
- MathQuest 4 (with teachers' program manual)
- A set of Base Ten Blocks (10 decimetre cubes, 50 flats, 250 rods, 300
units, and 24 double-side "compu-mats") per teacher
- Problem Solving Experiences in Mathematics - Grade 4 (teacher
reference)
Grade 5:
- MathQuest 5 (with teachers' program manual)
- A set of Fraction Pieces (7 containers, packaged 3 student sets per
container) per teacher
- Problem Solving Experiences in Mathematics - Grade 5 (teacher
reference)
Grade 6:
- MathQuest 6 (with teachers' program manual)
- A set of Decimal Squares (6 sets of decimal squares and playing cards,
1 set of game mats, 1 set of decimal square overheads, and 1 teachers'
guide) per teacher
- Problem Solving Experiences in Mathematics - Grade 6 (teacher
reference)
- Everyday Problems in a Bag
Recommended
- The Problem Solver 4, 5 and 6 (Addison-Wesley)
- Mathville Junior (Courseware Solutions; McGraw-Hill Ryerson
Limited)
- Curriculum and Evaluations Standards for School Mathematics: Addenda
Series, Fourth Grade Book
- Curriculum and Evaluations Standards for School Mathematics: Addenda
Series, Fifth Grade Book
- Curriculum and Evaluations Standards for School Mathematics: Addenda
Series, Sixth Grade Book (1 per school)
- World Book's Mind Benders - Arithmetricks (World Book, Inc.)
- World Book's Mind Benders - Brain Teasers (World Book, Inc.)
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Music
The Elementary program continues to provide students with musical experiences
that further develop the musicality innate in each student. It fosters
a love and understanding of music as well as growth in aesthetic sensitivity.
The Elementary program follows a pedagogical sequence of hearing, singing,
moving, deriving, writing, and creating to build upon skills and knowledge
acquired in the Primary grades. Cognitive and psychomotor skills are developed
through musical literacy, movement, and performance. Choral experiences
are an integral part of the music program. Reading and performing skills
are extended through the playing of instruments such as recorder, ukulele,
guitar and band or string instruments and the use of technology. Continued
exploration of the elements and expressive controls of music through a
variety of musical experiences further develops reading and writing skills.
Repertoire is expanded and includes songs from their own and other cultures,
works of recognized masters, and contemporary compositions.
The delivery of music curriculum involves two organizers:
- Curricular Settings
- Individual/Ensemble Experiences
The program utilizes three strands:
- Elements of Music
- Styles of Music
- Skill Development
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Elementary Music: Curriculum and Teaching Guide
- Games and Movement
- The Kodály Context (out of print)
- Musicanada, Vols. 4, 5, and 6
- student text
- teachers' edition
- cassettes
- piano accompaniments
- Sing the Sea
- Twelve Songs of Newfoundland
- Song Collection, Grades 4, 5, and 6
Recommended
- Bacon, Denise. 185 Unison Pentatonic Reading Exercises, Newton,
Mass.: Kodály Centre of America, 1978.
- Reading exercises, grouped in order of melodic expansion, presented
in both solfa notation and staff notation.
- Choksy, Lois. The Kodály Method. (See Primary Section.)
- Choksy, Lois, and David Brummitt. 120 Singing Games and Dances.
(See Primary Section.)
- Choksy, Lois, et al. Teaching Music in the Twentieth Century.
(See Primary Section.)
- Folksongs in The Atlantic Edge: Living in Newfoundland and Labrador
A Teachers' Guide.
- This cassette tape and teachers' guide was produced by the Department
of Education to present the folk songs in The Atlantic Edge (Grade 5 social
studies text) in a social and natural context. The songs are recorded by
Anita Best and the guide contains teaching suggestions, notes on the songs,
and bibliographical and discographical information. Available from the
Provincial Public Libraries Board.
- Fowke, Edith, and Alan Mills. Singing Our History. Toronto:
Doubleday, 1984.
- A Canadian folk song collection that traces the history of Canada through
folk songs.
- Frazee, Jane. Discovering Orff: A Curriculum for Music Teachers.
New York: Schott, 1987. (See Primary Section.)
- Johnston, Richard. Folk Songs North America Sings. (See Primary
Section.)
- Kulich, Birthe, and Joe Berarducci. Wind Songs Method for the Recorder.
Vancouver: Empire, 1985.
- A series of six instruction books, progressing from beginning steps
to consort playing. The series uses many folk songs already in the student's
repertoire, reinforcing reading in solfa and rhythm syllables. Suggestions
for instrumental accompaniments are also provided.
- Musicanada Resource Centre (4, 5, and 6). Toronto: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston.
- Supplementary materials: additional listening lessons (recorded examples
are in the set of recordings subsidized by the Department) part singing
guidelines, games, choral and conducting techniques, evaluation suggestions,
student work sheets in black line master format.
- Pottie, Kaye, and Vernon Ellis. Folksongs of the Maritimes.
Halifax: Formac Publishing, 1992.
- A collection of 90 Maritime folksongs based on the collections of Helen
Creighton and other distinguished Maritime folklorists. For each song,
there is a brief introduction, chording information, the melodic line,
and words to all verses. A teachers' guide is also available from the publisher.
- The Song Collection: Strategies for Fluency.
- A video cassette illustrating numerous ways to use The Song Collection
to enhance music reading accuracy and fluency. Produced by the Depart-
ment of Education using Newfoundland and Labrador music teachers and classes.
Available from the Provincial Public Libraries Board. Songs for Elementary
Levels. An audio cassette containing 36 songs from authorized resource
materials: Elementary Music: A Teaching Guide, Games and Movement, and
The Kodály Context.
- Szonyi, Erzsébet. Bicinia Americana. Willowdale, Ont.:
Boosey & Hawkes, 1984. (See Primary Section.)
- Tacka, Philip, and Susan Taylor-Howell. Sourwood Mountain.
- Taylor-Howell, Susan. The Owl Sings.
- Whitewater, Wis.: Organization of American Kodály Educators,
1986 and 1991. Two collections of North American and English songs arranged
in two and three parts for classroom use. (See Primary Section.)
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Physical
Education
At the elementary level, physical education builds on concepts and skills
learned at the primary level. The program develops psychomotor skills appropriate
for participation in sports, games, gymnastics, and dance; develops an
awareness and an appreciation of physical skills; provides information
about the human body and the effects of exercise; encourages the development
of social skills; and promotes positive attitudes towards physical activity.
The Physical Education Program offers a variety of sports-related activities
and modified games which promote group and team participation, individual
and gymnastics-based activities for personal achievement and kinesthetic
awareness, a number of self-testing activities which foster appreciation
of physical activity and movement, and opportunities for social interaction
through cooperation, competition, and personal activity.
Learning Resources
Authorized
- A Curriculum Framework for Physical Education: Adjusting the Focus
- Physical Education Curriculum for Elementary Grades
- Personal Well-Being
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Religious
Education (Integrated)
The Program in Grade 4 continues the focus on attitude development,
especially as it relates to the created order and our stewardship of it.
This serves also as a transition to the more substantial biblical studies
in Grades 5 and 6.
Learning Resources
Authorized
Grade 4:
- God's Ways in His World (with teachers' edition)
Grade 5:
- Bible People and Bible Times: Old Testament (with teachers'
edition)
Grade 6:
- Bible People and Bible Times: New Testament (with teachers'
edition)
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Religious
Education (Pentecostal)
The Elementary Program develops three themes to encourage total life
commitment to God:
- Grade 4 presents four biblical heroes whose willingness to trust and
obey God became vital to His work among His people
- Grade 5 leads students through the life of Jesus according to Matthew's
Gospel incorporating the key elements of Christian belief
- Grade 6 provides the framework of a biblical value system and encourages
a Christ-centred process of decision making
Learning Resources
Authorized
Grade 4:
- Winners for God (teacher's guide and student workbook available
from Religious Book and Bible House, Grand Falls-Windsor)
Grade 5:
- Jesus: King of My Life (teacher's guide and student workbook
available from Religious Book and Bible House, Grand Falls-Windsor)
Grade 6:
- God's Word in My Life (teacher's guide and student workbook
available from Religious Book and Bible House, Grand Falls-Windsor)
Recommended
- Bible, New International Version (available from Religious Book
and Bible House, Grand Falls-Windsor).
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Religious
Education (Roman Catholic)
The second cycle of the Born of the Spirit series comprises Years
4, 5 and 6. The elementary years are intended to make Jesus live for the
student by focusing on His historical manifestation in Palestine and on
the Church, and by fostering and facilitating the development of Christlike
attitudes.
The Program is organized around the following concepts:
- the historical revelation of Jesus by his witnesses
- the Spirit of Jesus is with us today
- the Church as a Sacrament
- living as Christ's "Kingdom" people
- the Beatitudes
- living the values and attitudes of Jesus
Learning Resources
Authorized
Grade 4:*
- Come and See (with teachers' manual)
Grade 5:*
- May We Be One (with teachers' manual)
Grade 6:*
- God Believes in Me (with teachers' manual)
* A home study program is available for all three grade levels.
Recommended
Grade 4:
- Come and See (album or cassette)
Grade 5:
- May We Be One (album or cassette)
Grade 6:
- God Believes in Me (album or cassette)
The recommended materials listed for each of the Programs are essential
resources for these Programs. The music is especially important to the
proper implementation of the Program. These materials are available from
the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops.
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Science
The study of science at the elementary level involves a hands-on, activity
oriented approach to learning. The Program emphasizes the development of
attitudes, skills, and knowledge, with the knowledge component drawing
on topics from the life, earth, and physical sciences. Teachers should
consult the appropriate Elementary Science Curriculum Guide (Interim
edition) for identification of these topics.
Learning Resources
Authorized
- Elementary Science Curriculum Guide - Grade 4 (Interim Edition,
1996)
- Elementary Science Curriculum Guide - Grade 5 (Interim Edition,
1996)
Grade 4:
- Explorations in Science (with teachers' resource book and assessment
handbook, 1992) OR Innovations in Science (teachers' resource
package, 1991)
- Explorations in Science, student resource book, 1992
- Explorations in Science, student text, 1991
Grade 5:
- Explorations in Science (with teachers' resource book and assessment
handbook, 1992) OR Innovations in Science (teachers' resource
package, 1991)
- Explorations in Science, student resource book, 1992
- Explorations in Science, student text, 1991
Grade 6:
- Addison-Wesley Science (with teachers' edition), 1984
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Social
Studies
The Social Studies Program at the elementary level builds on the concepts,
values, and skills acquired in the Primary Program. It develops knowledge,
values, and skills essential for developing students' potential as individuals,
as Canadian citizens, and as world citizens.
The Social Studies Program
- examines how people interact with their physical environment and with
each other in order to meet their needs.
- develops the following skills sequentially: thinking skills; social/group
participation skills; map and globe skills; table, graph, and chart skills;
temporal skills; research skills; and language skills.
- emphasizes the importance of human rights and responsibilities and
encourages students to apply their knowledge and skills to everyday life.
The core topics include the study of:
- Communities around the world
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada
Learning Resources
Authorized
- A Curriculum Framework for Social Studies: Navigating the Future
- Design for Social Studies K-VI
Grade 4:
- Communities Around Our World (with teachers' resource book)
- China: Our Pacific Neighbour (teacher resource only)
Grade 5:
- The Atlantic Edge: Living in Newfoundland and Labrador (1991
edition with teachers' resource book)
Grade 6:
- Our Country, Canada (1992 edition with teachers' resource book)
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Recommended
Time Allotment
Subject
|
Percentage of Instructional Time
|
| Art |
6% |
| French |
10% |
| Health |
6% |
| Language |
24% |
| Mathematics |
16% |
| Music |
6% |
| Physical Education |
6% |
| Religous Education |
8% |
| Science |
8% |
| Social Studies |
10% |
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